World Congress on Ophthalmology & Optometry April 13-14, 2019 London, UK

Track 2: Perception and Visual Cognition

Perception and Visual cognition are based on the methods that incorporate psychophysics, eye movements, electrophysiology, structural and functional neuroimaging, as well as computational modelling. Visual search, spatial vision, perceptual organization, object recognition, semantic processing and categorization, face perception, visual neglect, visual agnosia, perception for action, visual working memory, inhibition and cognitive control, reading, and social vision.

Track 3:  Pediatric Ophthalmology

Pediatric Ophthalmology is a sub-speciality of ophthalmology concerned with eye diseases, visual development, and vision care in children. Pediatric ophthalmologists focus on the development of the visual system and the various diseases that disrupt visual development in children. Pediatric ophthalmologists also have expertise in managing the various ocular diseases that affect children.

Track 4:  Infant vision 

Your child's vision development begins before birth. From the day your baby's born, her eyes will aid her physical, mental, and emotional development by allowing her to take in information – a little bit at first, and eventually much more – about the world around her. The visual system of a newborn infant takes some time to develop. In the first week of life, babies don't see much detail. Their first view of the world is indistinct and only in shades of gray.

Track 5: Clinical Ophthalmology

Clinical Ophthalmology, the specialty which deals with  medical and ophthalmic surgical techniques, Retinal Disorders, Ocular Diseases  and laser procedures.  

Track 6: Retinal care

The Retina is a thin layer of tissue that lines the back of the eye on the inside. It is located near the optic nerve. The purpose of the retina is to receive light that the lens has focused, convert the light into neural signals, and send these signals on to the brain for visual recognition.

Track 7: Scrutiny of Visual Sensory System

Despite advances in neurodiagnostic imaging and other techniques, examination of the afferent visual sensory system is still the core of the neuro-ophthalmologic examination. A thorough refraction is an essential part of all clinical neuro ophthalmologic examinations. Confrontation visual fields should be part of every afferent system examination. The relationship between the physical properties of light and perceptual and behavioural responses is known as visual psychophysics, which serves as the foundation for the clinical assessment of visual function. The determination of whether a patient’s visual field improves worsens, or remains stable over time is the most difficult aspect of visual field interpretation. Many attempts have been made to investigate visual field function using evoked potentials to visual stimuli.

Track 8: Eye Health

Your Eyes are an important part of your Health. Most people rely on their eyes to see and make sense of the world around them. Low vision and blindness have dire effects on individuals, families, and communities. These effects range from a decrease in quality of life and increased mortality to large-scale economic consequences. Primary eye care (PEC) is a broad concept, encompassing the prevention of potentially blinding eye diseases through primary health care (PHC). You might think your vision is fine or that your eyes are healthy, really be sure.

Track 9: Ocular and Neurologics Evaluation

Incomplete assessment of patients during routine examinations and the failure to correlate symptoms with signs are probably more common reasons for missed neuro-ophthalmic diagnoses than the potential subtlety of neuro-ophthalmic signs. Suggestions for incorporating a more thorough, efficient eye examination in routine practice are included in the Examination efficiency.  There are several causes of decreased vision following a neurological event (such as acquired brain injury). It is important to determine the cause of the decreased vision as it will allow the doctor to discuss prognosis and potential for improvement.

Track 10: Cosmetic /Aesthetic ophthalmology

Primary training in Ophthalmology brings in all the concepts of micro-incisions, fine suturing and working under microscopes. This comes as an advantage of Cosmetic Surgery in Ophthalmology. Moreover since majority of aging changes occur around the eyes, an ophthalmic plastic surgeon can better address these issues through hidden incisions behind the eyelid. The goals of cosmetic ophthalmology are to reduce the signs of ageing and improve facial features through both surgical and non-surgical techniques, wrinkles, drooping eyelids, darkness under the eyes and loose puffy skin as well as unwanted hair and veins can be treated successfully.

Track 11: Optometry and Vision science

Vision science is the scientific study of vision. Vision science encompasses all studies of vision, such as how human and non-human organisms process visual information, how conscious visual perception works in humans, how to exploit visual perception for effective communication, and how artificial systems can do the same tasks. Optometry is a healthcare profession that is autonomous, educated, and regulated (licensed/registered), and optometrists are the primary healthcare practitioners of the eye and visual system who provide comprehensive eye and vision care, which includes refraction and dispensing, detection/diagnosis and management of disease in the eye, and the rehabilitation of conditions of the visual system.

Vision science is the scientific study of vision. The visual framework is delightfully made to transmit data of the outside world to visual preparing and subjective focuses in the cerebrum. The premise of comprehension is the cerebrum's capacity to synchronize all the electrical movement it is continually accepting and producing. The essential goal of visual neuroscience is to perceive how neural activity brings about visual acknowledgment, and furthermore hones dependent on vision.

Our brain only needs a split second to determine what we’re seeing. The area in our brain that can categorize these visual observations so quickly is the so-called ventral-temporal cortex, the visual brain. It is found that blind individuals also use the map in the visual brain. Their visual brain responds in a different way to each category. This means that blind people, too, use this part of the brain to differentiate between categories, even though they’ve never had any visual input.

Tracks 15: Glaucoma Surgery

 All glaucoma surgery procedures (whether laser or non-laser) are designed to accomplish one of two basic results: decrease the production of intraocular fluid (aqueous humor or increase the outflow (drainage) of this same fluid. Surgery isn’t usually the first step to treat glaucoma, but it may save your eyesight if other treatments don’t work. Surgery involves either laser treatment or making a cut in the eye to reduce the intraocular pressure.

Tracks 16 :Refractive Surgery

 Vision correction surgery, also called refractive and laser eye surgery, refers to any surgical procedure used to fix vision problems. Recent years have seen huge advances in this field. Refractive and laser eye surgery allow many patients to see better than any other time in their lives.

Most types of vision correction surgery reshape your cornea, the clear front part of your eye. That lets light travel through it and focus properly on the back of your eye, or retina

 Tracks 16 :Congenital cataracts

 A congenital cataract is a clouding of the eye's natural lens that is present at birth.Depending on the density and location of the opacification, congenital cataracts may need to be removed by cataract surgery while the child is still an infant to enable normal vision development and prevent amblyopia and even blindness.

 Congenital cataracts can occur in newborn babies for many reasons, including inherited tendencies, infection, metabolic problems, diabetes, trauma, inflammation or drug reactions

In ophthalmology, diagnosis is the major important part for deciding the treatment for the patients. Only through the proper instrumentation technique, this is achieved. The posterior part of the eye consists of vitreous humor, retina, choroid, and optic nerve. These are viewed using the proper Instruments. Mostly for retinal analysis, optical coherence tomography(OCT) is used. OCT is an imaging technique used for viewing the eye in Two- and Three- Dimensions and for capturing the micrometre resolutions. This is the most important and emerging technologies in the diagnosis because of its easy prediction, Non-invasive technique, less strain and time consumption technique. There are many instruments specially designed for the detection of the eye problems and for the rectification.